Italiano
The S100B protein belongs to the S100 protein family, so called for their ability to be 100% soluble in neutral ammonium sulphate. This class of proteins are present in the cytoplasm and nucleus of different cell types and are involved in numerous cellular processes including the cell cycle and cell differentiation
The S100B protein is a specific protein of glial cells and is also expressed in different types of astrocytes. It plays a primary role in extending neurites, in the proliferation of melanoma cells, in the stimulation of fluxes of Ca 2 + , in the inhibition of phosphorylation mediated by protein-kinase C (PKC), in proliferation of astrocytes and axons and inhibition of microtubule assembly. In the central nervous system, it acts as a neurofactor and as a neuronal survival protein. In the adult body, its levels increase as a result of damage to the nervous system, making it a potential clinical marker.
Clinical Meaning
Alterations of the gene that regulate the expression of the S100B protein are implicated in many pathologies: cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, melanoma, type I diabetes. Melittin regulation, the active ingredient of apytosine (poison of bees) can be used in the treatment of epilepsy.
Diagnostic use
The S100B protein is secreted by astrocytes. In the case of damage to the nervous cells, it exits from the cells and passes into the bloodstream. S100B serum levels increase in patients with acute brain damage. In recent years, the importance of S100B has been strongly re-evaluated, as it is also considered as a marker for the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and central nervous system disorder as well as neurodegenerative diseases, to the point that low S100B values in the blood exclude severe central nervous system pathologies. His role in molecular predisposition of central nervous system problems is important, even before the associated clinical signs appear. It is also recalled that patients with head injuries and low S100B values (<0.12 ng / ml) have a very low risk of intracranial bleeding or cerebral enlargement and this makes subsequent neuro-radiological investigations unnecessary. The high negative predictivity of the low values of the S100B lies in the fact that the protein faithfully reflects the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and its possible alterations. In addition, its presence in melanocytes makes it a reliable marker for malignant melanoma both in tissue samples and in serum samples. S100B Ref. TME-4800 96 test
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